Table of Contents

July 2009

Depression​—Help for Sufferers

Millions are affected by depression. Are there effective remedies?

3 Depression​—How Does It Feel?

4 Depression​—How to Treat It

6 Help From ‘the God of Comfort’

14 The Lazy Life of a Sloth

17 Albarracín​—An “Eagle’s Nest” With a Difference

20 Tabàky​—A Beauty Treatment From Wood

21 Rickshaw Anyone?

30 Watching the World

31 How Would You Answer?

32 ‘It Answers Our Questions’

Driving​—How You Can Keep It Safe 11

Here are some commonsense suggestions for avoiding trouble when driving.

Is It Wrong to Change Your Religion? 28

Is the religion you received at birth the right one? What if your answer is no?

Depression​—How Does It Feel?

Depression​—How to Treat It

Help From ‘the God of Comfort’

“I have called out your name, O Jehovah, from a pit of the lowest sort. My voice you must hear. Do not hide your ear to my relief, to my cry for help. You have drawn near in the day that I kept calling you. You said: ‘Do not be afraid.’”​—Lamentations 3:55-57

Was It Designed?

The Energy-Efficient Boxfish

◼To produce a car that is sturdier, more energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly, designers looked to an unlikely place for inspiration​—under the sea! The boxfish, found near coral reefs in tropical waters, provides an excellent model for a vehicle with lightweight construction and astounding aerodynamics.

Consider: The boxfish can swim fast​—covering a distance of up to six times its body length each second. But this speed is more than a feat of strength. Contrary to expectations, the cubelike shape of the fish actually enhances its aerodynamic qualities. In fact, engineers who constructed a model of the boxfish and tested it in a wind tunnel found this design to slip through the air far more efficiently than compact cars do.

The boxfish has a bony outer skin that gives it maximum strength with minimal weight. Tiny vortices form in the water surrounding the fish, stabilizing the creature when it encounters turbulence. Thus, the boxfish has outstanding maneuverability and protection from injury.

Engineers believe that the boxfish provides the secret to producing a safer, more fuel-efficient, yet lightweight, vehicle. “Quite frankly,” says research and development chief Dr. Thomas Weber, “we were surprised when this clumsy-looking fish, of all things, became our model for designing an aerodynamic and fuel-efficient car.”

What do you think? Did the energy-efficient boxfish come about by chance? Or was it designed?

[Picture Credit Lines on page 10]

Boxfish: © Hal Beral/​V&W/​SeaPics.com; car: Mercedes-Benz USA

Driving​—How You Can Keep It Safe

THOUGH driving a motor vehicle is viewed as a necessity by millions of people today, driving comes at a price. It has been estimated that over 1,200,000 people lose their lives in traffic accidents worldwide each year! Thus, would it not be worth our while to learn how to drive safely? Let us look at some practical steps that we can take.

✔Check Yourself

A report in the Australian Journal of Social Issues noted that one of the most significant steps a driver can take to reduce the risk of fatalities is to improve his behavior at the wheel. Therefore, before setting out, a driver might want to ask himself, ‘Am I in the proper condition and mood to drive?’ Fatigue can dull one’s mind and slow responses. The Land Transportation Office of the Philippines lists anger, anxiety, and excitement as emotions that affect driving habits and that can lead to unwise decisions and even violent road rage.

One’s physical condition must also be considered, as certain illnesses or injuries can hamper a person’s ability to drive safely. A driver who respects the lives of others will not venture out on the road when his driving ability may be impaired by alcohol. Certain drugs or medications can also affect the driver’s reactions. In some cases, it may be prudent to forgo the trip or to get someone else to drive.

✔Check Your Skills

Especially in developing countries, as the number of vehicles increases, so does the number of new, inexperienced drivers. Thus, it is good to consider two things that any driver can do to avoid accidents.

Drive defensively! Stay alert, watch for potential road hazards ahead and behind, and anticipate the moves of other drivers​—including wrong moves. Since a large percentage of collisions result from one vehicle following another too closely, the wise driver will maintain a safe distance between his vehicle and others.

Be aware of blind spots and distractions. Turn your head to see what is happening around you, and do not rely solely on mirrors. Avoid distractions while driving. Don’t multitask​—such activities as talking on the phone or operating gadgets are distracting.

If you drive a motorcycle: Some authorities say that per mile, a motorcyclist is 37 times more likely to die in a crash than the occupant of a car. What protective steps can you take? Both of the preceding steps also apply to the motorcyclist. In addition, the Motorcycle Safety Foundation in the United States says: “Be visible.” Make sure others can see you. Keep your headlights on. Stay out of blind spots of other vehicles. “Dress for safety.” Wear a helmet and bright, thick, protective clothing. “Ride extra defensively.” Assume that others cannot see you, and drive accordingly.

✔Check Your Vehicle

The driver should be safety conscious, and his vehicle should be in good condition. Brakes should be in prime condition, as should all working parts. Tires should have plenty of tread to reduce the possibility of sliding or hydroplaning. Sufficient tire pressure will improve handling and braking. Most vehicles today have seat belts. These do little good if they are not worn.

Drive your vehicle according to conditions. Wet roads, and especially those with ice or snow, affect stopping distances and steering ability. For night driving, headlights should be kept in good condition and speeds should usually be lowered. Since life is a gift from God, it is only proper that we do what we can to protect our lives, including learning to drive safely.

[Box/​Picture on page 13]

ECONOMICAL DRIVING

◼ Drive smoothly: Frequent acceleration and braking wastes fuel.

◼ Avoid idling: Cars today do not generally need to be warmed up before being driven. If the car will be standing for more than half a minute, switch off the engine.

◼ Maintain tire pressure: Properly inflated tires roll more easily, thus reducing fuel use significantly.

◼ Keep your speed down: Driving at a high speed can be unsafe and can require extra fuel.

[Diagram/​Picture on page 11]

❏ Stay alert

❏ Wear your seat belt

❏ Don’t multitask

❏ Avoid distractions

[Diagram/​Picture on page 12]

❏ Be aware of blind spots

❏ Brakes in prime condition

❏ Sufficient tire pressure

❏ Plenty of tread

❏ Maintain a safe following distance

[Diagram/​Picture on page 13]

❏ “Dress for safety”

❏ “Be visible”

[Diagram/​Picture on page 13]

❏ Check headlights

The Lazy Life of a Sloth

“HURRY and get your camera!” I called to my sister as I spotted a green sloth on the jungle path in front of me. We laughed when we realized that there was no reason to hurry​—the sloth is one of the world’s slowest animals.

To learn more about this mammal, I visited Zoo Ave in La Garita de Alajuela, Costa Rica. More than just a zoo, it is a center for the rescue, rehabilitation, and return to the wild of native animals. There I met biologist Shirley Ramírez, who was Zoo Ave’s enthusiastic research director. She took me to meet the zoo’s resident sloth, Pelota, which in Spanish means “ball.” Sloths, in fact, may curl up into a tight ball to sleep. Pelota is a two-toed sloth the size of a small dog, with a fluffy coat of fur, a snub nose, and big, watery brown eyes.

My research told me that sloths are solitary animals and that they give birth to a single offspring about once a year. The baby sloth clings to its mother for the first four to six weeks until weaned but may ride on her belly for five to eight months afterward. During that time the mother feeds her baby tender, easily digestible leaves from her lips. Later, the baby reaches out to grab its own leaves without ever releasing its grip on its mother. During their time together, the mother sloth also familiarizes her little one with the small home range in which it will live.

Two-Toed, Three-Toed, Green, and Cold

I learned that the sloth I had seen in the jungle was a three-toed sloth. It had a black mask around its eyes, a stubby tail, a coat of wiry hair, forelimbs that are much longer than its hind limbs, and a yellow-gold patch between its shoulders. This kind of sloth has nine vertebras in its neck, allowing it to rotate its head 270 degrees in search of its favorite leaves. But why did it appear to be green? Shirley answers, “That greenish tinge is algae that grows on the sloth’s coat.”

In contrast with their longer-armed, three-toed cousins, the two-toed species have forelimbs that are about the same length as their hind limbs. Their hair is long, brownish-gold, and soft to the touch.

The sloth spends its days sunning itself high up in the forest canopy. Its body temperature can fluctuate from an ambient 75 degrees Fahrenheit [24 degrees Celsius] at night to 91 degrees Fahrenheit [33 degrees Celsius] during the day​—a temperature range greater than that of any other mammal. The sloth has so little muscle mass that it cannot shiver to stay warm. That is why it often sleeps curled up in a ball, to conserve heat. Its undercoat of short, fine hairs helps to insulate it. And yes, the sloth can sleep for 20 hours a day!

Lingering Over Lunch

Since digestion requires body heat for bacterial activity and fermentation, the sloth’s low body temperature gives it an incredibly low metabolic rate. Leaves may take up to a month to go through the stages of digestion in a sloth’s multichambered stomach before passing into the small intestine. During a rainy season with many successive cool days, sloths can die of starvation with a stomach full of food. “For sloths,” explains Shirley, “the sun’s warmth is indispensable to digestion.”

Shirley adds: “As a zookeeper who handles the animals and cleans their cages, I have to say that my favorite thing about sloths is that they only defecate and urinate once a week! When they do, they go down to the ground, dig a hole, and bury their excrement. It is the only thing they do on the ground.”

Designed for Life Upside Down

Almost everything else sloths do​—eat, sleep, mate, and give birth—​they do suspended in trees. The little mammals were ingeniously designed by their Creator for life in an upside-down world. The animal hangs by its fingers and toes, which are equipped with three-inch [7 cm]-long claws that hook and lock over branches and vines. To prevent the sloth’s skin from getting soaked by tropical downpours, even its hair grows upside down! Its hair parts on the belly and grows down around the back​—just the opposite of the hair of other land-based animals—​so the rain runs right off. Though on the ground the sloth is awkward and clumsy, when in the branches above, it is the epitome of leisurely grace. Surprisingly, the sloth is also an excellent swimmer!

What else did I learn about this quiet denizen of the treetops? Two things stand out. First, the sloth has an amazing ability to survive injuries and even doses of poison that would be lethal to other mammals. Severe wounds heal quickly, and they rarely become infected. Hence, a better understanding of the sloth’s immune defenses would be helpful to medical research. And second, people who are constantly rushing and under stress might find it beneficial to imitate, at least to some extent, the sloth’s relaxed pace and easygoing nature.​—Contributed.

[Box/​Pictures on page 15]

THE “PERFECT HOST”

The greenish cast of the sloth’s shaggy fur is caused by symbiotic algae that grow in grooves running along the length of each of the mammal’s outer hairs. The sloth hosts the algae, and the algae return the favor by providing nutrients that the sloth either ingests by licking its fur or absorbs through its skin. The grayish-green color makes the sloth look just like a clump of dry leaves hanging from a branch​—the perfect jungle camouflage! And the longer a sloth lives, the greener it gets!

[Credit Lines]

Top right: © Michael and Patricia Fogden; bottom: © Jan Ševčík

Albarracín​—An “Eagle’s Nest” With a Difference

“Visit one of the most beautiful towns in Spain, visit Albarracín.”​—José Martínez Ruiz, Spanish writer also known as Azorín, 1873-1967.

ALBARRACÍN is a unique town. What makes it so? First of all, its geography, then its history, and finally its delightful surroundings. For these reasons, in 1961 the Spanish government declared this small town in the province of Teruel a national monument. And in 2005, a group of tourist representatives selected Albarracín as “the most beautiful town in Spain.”

Nestled in the mountains of central Spain, Albarracín is an ancient town of some 1,000 inhabitants. Surrounding it are green meadows watered by several rivers and a mountain range that shares its name​—Sierra de Albarracín.

A Source of Food and Water

In ancient times, the abundance of game in the Albarracín area attracted settlers, whose cave paintings show that they were fine artists and keen observers of nature. They drew many huge bulls and other animals, which they colored using a white pigment that has been seen only in this area. Scholars think that these caves, where scenes of daily life were portrayed, were used as meeting places for religious or social activities.

Even today, deer, wild boar, and small game abound in the nearby reserve of Montes Universales. And the Guadalaviar (Arabic for “White River”) is one of the best trout rivers in Spain.

In 133 B.C.E., the Romans subjugated the local Celtiberian tribes and founded several villages in the Albarracín region. In the first century C.E., Roman engineers built a 12-mile [18 km]-long aqueduct (1). It is considered to be one of the most complex of the Roman public works projects in Spain. Roman religion too left its mark. A carving on a Roman gravestone found in the town of Albarracín indicates that emperor worship was practiced here.

Prosperity Under Muslim Rule

The Moors had overrun this region by the ninth century, and it is believed that the name Albarracín is derived from the name of the Muslim settlers who came here, the Berber clan Banu Razin. In the Middle Ages, Moors, Jews, and nominal Christians lived together with mutual respect and tolerance. As a result, this was the most prosperous period of Albarracín’s history.

Artisans of Albarracín produced beautiful objects, and evidently the practice of medicine also flourished here. A set of surgical tools that was unearthed indicates that local surgeons even operated on cataracts. Albarracín continued under Muslim rule until the end of the 12th century, when it passed to Roman Catholic hands. It is noteworthy that this seems to be the only occasion in Spanish history when such a political change occurred peacefully.

How does Albarracín look today? A visitor can still meander through the medieval town, since no modern sections have been added.

An Astonishing Silhouette

Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset (1883-1955) described Albarracín as “the city that thrusts its astonishing silhouette into the heights.” This description is apt, since the town is perched on an outcrop of rock that stands some 4,000 feet [1,200 m] above sea level and is surrounded by a deep gorge, which serves as a defensive moat. This natural fortress has protected the town throughout the centuries and has earned Albarracín the nickname Eagle’s Nest.

While strolling through the narrow, cobbled streets of the town, the visitor will spot fascinating architecture of a bygone age. Some of the best examples are the Corner Balcony, the Blue House (2), and the Julianeta House (3). The latter almost appears to perform a balancing act at the junction of two streets.

Houses from the period are constructed of wood and plaster, materials that weigh much less than stone​—an important factor if you are building on top of a hill. Their small windows with lace curtains and iron grilles (4) also attract a visitor’s attention. The overlapping eaves, carved wooden balconies, and unusual door knockers, often shaped in the form of animals, add a further touch of distinction.

Any who suffer from vertigo should be careful not to look down when entering one of the hanging houses. Because the town was built on an outcrop of rock and building space was limited, inhabitants built some of their houses right on the edge of the cliff.

A Moorish castle crowns the hill above the town, where the original nucleus of Albarracín once lay. The Torre del Andador is part of the original wall built by the Arabs in the tenth century. Later constructions were the Gothic cathedral, dating from the 16th century, and the horseshoe-shaped town hall, with its rounded-arch porticoes.

Natural Treasures in the Vicinity

For nature lovers Albarracín has even more to offer. The surrounding mountain range has a great diversity of ecosystems, with abundant flora and fauna. Fountains, springs, and waterfalls grace the wooded mountains. And those who camp here can enjoy the spectacular starry nights.

Several families of Jehovah’s Witnesses reside in this area. The beautiful surroundings they live in remind them of the Bible promise that under God’s Kingdom obedient mankind will live in a worldwide paradise. This is the good news that they endeavor to share with their neighbors.​—Psalm 98:7-9; Matthew 24:14.

Each year more than a hundred thousand tourists walk through the narrow streets of Albarracín. If you come to Spain, why not visit this unique “eagle’s nest” hidden in the mountains?

[Box/​Pictures on page 18]

ARTISTIC TREASURES DISCOVERED AT ALBARRACÍN

Silver ointment jar. Moorish King Abdelmelic had this jar made for his wife Zahr, meaning “Flower” in Arabic. A gold engraving on it says in part: “Perennial blessing . . . , divine help, and guidance toward goodness and justice.” It is considered one of the best silver treasures of Hispano-Arabic art.

Fish carved in rock crystal. The fish is adorned with scales and has a silver mouth and fins of gold. It is also decorated with pearls and rubies. So intricate is the carving that experts believe one craftsman could not have completed it in his lifetime.

[Credit Lines]

Jar: Museo de Teruel. Foto Jorge Escudero; crystal: Sta. Ma de Albarracín Foundation

[Map on page 16]

(For fully formatted text, see publication)

PORTUGAL

SPAIN

MADRID

Albarracín

[Picture on page 17]

1 Aqueduct

[Pictures on page 18]

2 Blue House

3 Julianeta House

4 Iron grille

[Picture Credit Line on page 17]

© Ioseba Egibar/​age fotostock

Tabàky​—A Beauty Treatment From Wood

◼ In the arid southwest portion of Madagascar, women comb the beach in search of shells to sell to tourists. The women’s faces are covered with a white paste called tabàky. This fascinating multipurpose face mask not only protects the skin from the harsh rays of the sun but also serves as a cosmetic.

Tabàky is made from the sapwood of the masonjoany and fihamy (also called aviavy) trees. The procedure is simple: A woman rubs a small piece of sapwood against a flat stone, slowly adding a few drops of water at a time to form a paste. She may then dab a small wooden or plastic stick with a rounded end or a fine point into the paste and draw a design on her face.

Some women apply tabàky to the entire face, leaving just a small space around the eyes. Others prefer to apply it only to the forehead, cheeks, or chin. Tabàky can be used to hide blemishes or control oily skin, or it can be used as a cosmetic. Sometimes other ingredients are used, so the possibilities for creating combinations of shapes, colors, and textures are endless.

Who would think that a beauty product could come from wood? In Madagascar, far from the fashion centers of Paris and New York, tabàky is an unusual, yet practical, beauty treatment.

Rickshaw Anyone?

UPON arriving in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, a visitor immediately notices something different. Amid the sea of people is an army of cycle rickshaws! Endless streams of these conveyances flood the streets and alleys, carrying people and goods.

In Dhaka, the rickshaw remains a popular means of transportation. While the number of registered rickshaws is about 80,000, most feel that there are many more than that number on the roads every day. In fact, Dhaka has been dubbed the rickshaw capital of the world!

Early Rickshaws

While earlier versions of a mobile chair were in use during the reign of Louis XIV of France (1638-1715), the invention of the original human-drawn rickshaw is sometimes credited to Jonathan Gable, an American missionary in Japan in the 1870’s. It is said that he designed an innovative vehicle for his frail wife and that it was the first one called in Japanese jinrikisha, meaning a vehicle pulled by human power. The word eventually developed into “rickshaw” in English. Over time, various styles of rickshaws became prevalent throughout Asia as an inexpensive means of transport. When Charles Taze Russell (right), who took a zealous lead in the work of the Bible Students (as Jehovah’s Witnesses were then called), visited Japan in 1912, his delegation used rickshaws in their travel within the country.

In Dhaka, three-wheeled rickshaws made their debut in the late 1930’s. Unlike the rickshaw drawn by a man using two poles attached to the body of the vehicle, these looked similar to a big tricycle. The rickshaw wallah, or driver, pedaled the cycle at the front of the rickshaw. This allowed him to take his passengers or cargo farther, steering more easily through bustling traffic and congested roads.

Rickshaw Art

The rickshaws in Dhaka appear to have every square inch covered with decorations. Where did the tradition of decorating rickshaws come from? When rickshaws first appeared in Dhaka, they had to compete with tomtoms, horse-drawn wagons that carted passengers and goods. Perhaps to lure customers to the new means of transport, rickshaw owners began decorating their vehicles. The paintings and advertisements were eventually turned into distinctive art.

The overall effect of rickshaw art is spectacular. This is art on wheels. In fact, Syed Manzoorul Islam, a Bangladeshi art critic, describes rickshaws in Dhaka as “moving picture galleries.” Every possible surface of the vehicle is decorated with colorful designs, pictures, and patterns. Twirling tassels, tinsel, and shiny beads hang from its sides or on its folding canopy.

Individual artists have their own styles and favorite subjects. Some artwork looks more or less like a billboard, with scenes from the Indian and Bangladeshi cinema, past and present. The art reflects nostalgia for village life and rural landscapes and, at times, social and political issues. Animals, birds, hunting, and lush country scenes are common themes.

In the 1950’s, only a handful of rickshaw painters existed. Today, between 200 and 300 artisans produce these unique pieces of art. The rickshaws are assembled piece by piece in specialized workshops, with parts often made from recycled materials. For example, taking a piece of tin cut from a drum of cooking oil or some other discarded item, the artist uses enamel paint to create a spectacular scene in full color. Rickshaw art is the folk art of Bangladesh. It has assumed an identity and a charm all its own.

The Rickshaw Driver

As you can well understand, the rickshaw driver leads a strenuous life. Imagine spending your whole day cycling with heavy loads of people or goods. The customers may include housewives, schoolchildren, businessmen, or shoppers with packages. Often, two, three, or more individuals are crowded onto a rickshaw. The rickshaw may also be used to carry sacks of rice, potatoes, onions, or spices for a merchant to sell at the market. Sometimes a passenger will be perched high up on top of his mound of possessions. To a bystander, it may appear impossible for a driver to pull such heavy loads. Yet, in the heat of the sun or in the rains of the monsoon, the humble rickshaw driver is hard at work without complaint.

The majority of drivers have come to the city from poor rural areas where they are unable to eke out a living as farmers. Not able to find higher-paying jobs, many leave their family behind to become rickshaw wallahs. Using their physical strength and energy, they may earn the equivalent of a few dollars (U.S.) each day.

A Unique Means of Transportation

Rickshaws continue to flourish in Dhaka because of the flat terrain and countless alleys and lanes that defy other forms of public transportation. Many people consider this nonpolluting mode of travel to be both beneficial and enjoyable.

In most Asian cities, rickshaws have become an “endangered species.” There, the desire for mass transportation and a modern lifestyle has made the rickshaw almost obsolete. However, while many people may view them as out-of-date, there is an effort to preserve the rickshaw through improved designs.

When traveling in Dhaka, you may choose from many forms of public transportation​—bus, taxi, motorbike, auto rickshaw, or the colorful cycle rickshaw. But you will never forget it if you experience a leisurely ride through the crowded streets of Dhaka on a cycle rickshaw!

[Full-page picture on page 23]

Young People Ask

Why Am I Afraid to Share My Faith?

“There have been some great opportunities to talk about my beliefs at school. But I let them pass.”​—Kaleb.a

“Our teacher asked the class what we thought about evolution. I knew this was a perfect chance to share my faith. But I completely froze and said nothing. Afterward, I felt really bad.”​—Jasmine.

IF YOU are a Christian youth, perhaps you can relate to the experiences of Kaleb and Jasmine. Like them, you may love the Bible-based truths you have learned and want to share them with others. Still, you might dread the thought of speaking up. But you can develop more courage. How? Take the following steps as you prepare for each school year:

1. Define your fears. When you think about sharing your faith, it’s easy to imagine the worst-case scenario! Sometimes, though, you can reduce your fears simply by putting them into words.

Complete the following sentence.

◼ If I talk about my beliefs at school, this is what might happen:

․․․․․

If it’s any comfort, your fears may be a lot like those of other Christian youths. For instance, 14-year-old Christopher admits, “I’m afraid kids will make fun of me and tell everyone I’m weird.” And Kaleb, quoted at the outset, says, “I was worried someone would ask a question and I wouldn’t know the answer.”

2. Accept the challenge. Are your fears completely unfounded? Not necessarily. “Some kids pretended they were interested in my beliefs,” says Ashley. “But later they turned my words against me and teased me in front of others.” Nicole, 17, had this experience: “A boy compared a verse in his Bible with the same verse in mine, and the wording was different. He said that my Bible had been changed. I was stunned! I didn’t know what to say.”b

Situations like these can seem pretty scary! But instead of running away, accept such challenges as a normal part of your life as a Christian. (2 Timothy 3:12) “Jesus said his followers would be persecuted,” says 13-year-old Matthew, “so we can’t expect everyone to like us or our beliefs.”​—John 15:20.

3. Think of the benefits. Can any good come out of a seemingly bad experience? Amber, 21, thinks so. “It’s hard to explain your faith to people who don’t respect the Bible,” she says, “but it helps you to understand your own position better.”​—Romans 12:2.

Look again at the scenario you described at Step 1. Think of at least two good things that could come out of that situation, and write them below.

1 ․․․․․

2 ․․․․․

Hint: How might making known your faith lead to less peer pressure? How will your doing so affect your self-confidence? Your feelings for Jehovah God? His feelings for you?​—Proverbs 23:15.

4. Be prepared. “The heart of the righteous one meditates so as to answer,” says Proverbs 15:28. Besides meditating on what you’ll say, try to anticipate questions others may ask. Research those topics, and plan out answers you feel comfortable giving.​—See the chart “Plan Your Response,” on page 25.

5. Get started. Once you’re ready to talk about your beliefs, how should you start? You have options. In a sense, sharing your faith is like swimming: Some people ease their way into the water; others jump right in. Likewise, you could start the conversation on a nonreligious subject and gradually test the waters, so to speak. But if you find yourself worrying too much about what might go wrong, your best option may be to ‘jump right in.’ (Luke 12:11, 12) “Thinking about sharing my faith was always harder than actually doing it,” says 17-year-old Andrew. “Once a conversation was started, it was much easier than I thought it would be!”c

6. Be sensible. Just as you wouldn’t dive into shallow waters, be careful not to jump into pointless arguments. Remember, there’s a time to speak and a time to keep quiet. (Ecclesiastes 3:1, 7) At times, even Jesus refused to answer questions. (Matthew 26:62, 63) And remember this principle: “Sensible people will see trouble coming and avoid it, but an unthinking person will walk right into it and regret it later.”​—Proverbs 22:3, Today’s English Version.

So if you sense an argument coming on, don’t “walk right into it.” Instead, give a brief and discreet reply. For example, if a classmate taunts, ‘Why don’t you smoke cigarettes?’ you could simply say, ‘Because I’m not into body pollution!’ Depending on the response, you can decide whether or not to explain your beliefs further.

The above steps can help you to be “always ready to make a defense” of your faith. (1 Peter 3:15) Of course, being ready doesn’t mean that you’ll never feel nervous. But Alana, 18, observes: “When you explain your beliefs despite being scared, it makes you feel as if you’ve accomplished something​—you’ve overcome your fear and taken the risk that it might not go well. And if it does go well, you’ll feel even better! You’ll be glad you had the courage to speak up.”

More articles from the “Young People Ask” series can be found at the Web site www.watchtower.org/​ype

[Footnotes]

TO THINK ABOUT

◼ Could these be the thoughts of someone at your school?

‘I know you’re one of Jehovah’s Witnesses. You might think I’m going to ridicule you, but really I respect you. How do you remain so calm amid all the problems in the world? I’m scared. Will there be another war soon? Will my parents divorce? Will I make it through school today without getting shot or stabbed? I’ve got so many questions, but you seem to have life all figured out. Is that because of your religion? I’d like to discuss it, but I’m afraid to bring up the subject. Will you please start the conversation?’

[Box/​Pictures on page 26]

WHAT YOUR PEERS SAY

“I’ve had some kids laugh at me for expressing my faith. But usually they leave me alone once they realize that their teasing doesn’t bother me.”​—Francesca, Luxembourg.

“If you don’t tell people that you’re a Christian, you can lose touch with who you are and start acting like everyone else. You can’t let yourself be a follower; you have to remain your own person.”​—Samantha, United States.

“When I was younger, I didn’t want to be different from other kids. But then I began to appreciate how my faith contributes to a better quality of life. That realization boosted my confidence​—it made me feel proud of what I believe.”​—Jason, New Zealand.

[Box on page 26]

CONVERSATION STARTERS

◼ “What are your plans for the summer?” [After response, mention your spiritual plans, such as attending a convention or expanding your ministry.]

◼ Mention a news item, and then ask: “Did you hear about that? What do you think of it?”

◼ “Do you think that the world’s financial situation [or another problem] is likely to improve? [Allow for response.] Why do you feel that way?”

◼ “Do you belong to a religion?”

◼ “Where do you see yourself five years from now?” [After response, share your spiritual goals.]

[Chart on page 25]

(For fully formatted text, see publication)

Plan Your Response

Clip this!

Suggestion: Discuss this chart with your parents and friends. Complete the chart. Then see if you can think of other questions your classmates may ask.

Morals

Question

What’s your stand on homosexuality?

Answer

I don’t hate homosexuals, but I can’t approve of their conduct.

Next question

Isn’t that viewpoint prejudiced?

Research

1 Corinthians 6:9, 10; Questions Young People Ask​—Answers That Work, Volume 2, chapter 28.d

Answer

No, because I’m against all forms of immorality​—homosexual or otherwise.

Dating

Question

Why don’t you date?

Answer

I’ve decided not to get into a relationship until I’m older.

Next question

Is it because of your religion?

Research

Song of Solomon 8:4; Young People Ask, Volume 2, chapter 1.

Answer

Yes. We date only with a view to marriage, and I know I’m not ready for that yet!

Neutrality

Question

Why don’t you salute the flag?

Answer

I respect the land I live in, but I don’t worship it.

Next question

So you wouldn’t fight your for country?

Research

Isaiah 2:4; John 13:35; What Does the Bible Really Teach? pages 148-151.e

Answer

No, and millions of Jehovah’s Witnesses in other lands wouldn’t fight against this country either.

Blood

Question

Why won’t you accept blood transfusions?

Answer

I accept safe transfusions​—the kind that don’t carry the risk of AIDS. But the Bible says to abstain from blood, so that’s where I draw the line.

Next question

But what if you were going to die? Wouldn’t God forgive you?

Research

Acts 5:28, 29; Hebrews 11:6; Bible Teach book, pages 129-131.

Answer

Choices

Question

So-and-so is a member of your religion, and he did such-and-such. Why can’t you?

Answer

We’re taught God’s requirements, but we’re not brainwashed! We all have to make our own choices.

Next question

Isn’t that a double standard?

Research

Answer

Creation

Question

Why don’t you believe in evolution?

Answer

Why should I believe in evolution? Scientists don’t even agree on it, and they’re supposed to be the experts!

Next question

Research

Answer

[Footnote]

[Picture on page 26]

Sharing your faith is like swimming. You can choose to start slowly​—or just take the plunge!

The Bible’s Viewpoint

Is It Wrong to Change Your Religion?

When Avtar began studying the Bible, her Sikh family was upset. “In my homeland,” she says, “changing your religion cuts you off from the community. Even our names have religious meaning. To change your religion is viewed as rejecting your identity and disrespecting your family.”

AVTAR eventually became one of Jehovah’s Witnesses. Was she wrong to change her religion? Perhaps you identify with her family. You may feel that your religion is inextricably linked with family history and culture and should not be changed.

Honoring one’s family is important. The Bible says: “Listen to your father who caused your birth.” (Proverbs 23:22) But it is more important to seek to know the truth about our Creator and his purposes. (Isaiah 55:6) Is such a search possible? If so, how important is this search to you?

Searching for Religious Truth

The world’s religions teach conflicting ideas. Logically, those teachings cannot all be true. As a result, there must be many people who, as the Bible says, “have a zeal for God; but not according to accurate knowledge.” (Romans 10:2) Yet, as recorded at 1 Timothy 2:4, the apostle Paul says that it is God’s will that “all sorts of men . . . come to an accurate knowledge of truth.” How can such accurate knowledge be found?

Consider reasons for examining the Bible. Paul, who was an inspired Bible writer, stated: “All Scripture is inspired of God and beneficial for teaching.” (2 Timothy 3:16) As part of your search for truth, examine the evidence that the Bible’s claim is true. Investigate for yourself its unparalleled wisdom, historical accuracy, and fulfilled prophecy.

Instead of presenting all religions as equal approaches to God, the Bible tells its readers not to believe everything they hear but to “test the inspired expressions to see whether they originate with God.” (1 John 4:1) For example, any teaching that truly originates with God must be in harmony with his personality, including his dominant quality of love.​—1 John 4:8.

The Bible assures us that God wants us to “really find him.” (Acts 17:26, 27) Since our Creator wants us to search for truth, it cannot be wrong to act on the evidence that we find​—even if this means changing our religion. But what about the problems that this may bring?

Balancing Family Loyalty

When people change their beliefs, they may decide that they will no longer share in certain religious rituals or holidays. Understandably, this can result in strong feelings within the family. Jesus acknowledged this. He told his followers: “I came to cause division, with a man against his father, and a daughter against her mother, and a young wife against her mother-in-law.” (Matthew 10:35) Did Jesus mean that Bible teachings were designed to be an unavoidable cause of contention? No. He simply foresaw what could happen when family members react negatively to one who takes a firm stand for beliefs different from theirs.

Should family conflict be avoided at all costs? The Bible teaches that children should be obedient to parents and that wives should be in subjection to their husbands. (Ephesians 5:22; 6:1) However, it instructs those who love God to “obey God as ruler rather than men.” (Acts 5:29) Thus, at times, loyalty to God may result in your making a decision that is unpopular with some family members.

Although the Bible makes a clear distinction between true and false teachings, God allows each person the freedom to choose how he or she will respond. (Deuteronomy 30:19, 20) No one should be forced to worship in a way that he finds unacceptable or be made to choose between his beliefs and his family. Does study of the Bible lead to family breakup? No. In fact, the Bible encourages a husband and wife who practice different religions to remain together as a family.​—1 Corinthians 7:12, 13.

Overcoming Fears

You may fear how the community will react if you study the Bible with Jehovah’s Witnesses. Mariamma says: “My family was worried that I would not be able to find a suitable husband who could provide for me. So they opposed my Bible study.” Mariamma put her trust in Jehovah God and continued studying. (Psalm 37:3, 4) You can do the same. Rather than fear the results, consider the benefits. The Bible’s message changes lives and personalities for the better. People learn to show unselfish love for their family. Bad habits, such as verbal and physical violence and abuse of alcohol and drugs, can be overcome. (2 Corinthians 7:1) The Bible promotes such wholesome traits as loyalty, honesty, and industriousness. (Proverbs 31:10-31; Ephesians 4:24, 28) Why not study the Bible and see the benefits of applying its teachings in your life?

HAVE YOU WONDERED?

◼ Why examine your religious beliefs?​—Proverbs 23:23; 1 Timothy 2:3, 4.

◼ How can you identify true teachings?​—2 Timothy 3:16; 1 John 4:1.

◼ Should family opposition prevent you from studying the Bible?​—Acts 5:29.

[Blurb on page 29]

The Bible’s message changes lives and personalities for the better

[Picture on page 29]

Mariamma and her husband

Watching the World

◼ A clam dredged from the bottom of the North Atlantic Ocean has been dubbed “the longest-lived animal ever known.” Scientists counted the growth layers of its shell and determined that the clam was 405 years old.​—SUNDAY TIMES, BRITAIN.

◼ “In an economic downturn, even those whose net worth is in the billions feel the squeeze. Just ask their psychologists.”​—THE NEW YORK TIMES, U.S.A.

TV Affects Sexual Behavior

“There is increasing evidence that youth exposure to sexual content on television shapes sexual attitudes and behavior,” says an article published in the journal Pediatrics. In fact, according to one study, adolescents who have high exposure to such programs are “twice as likely to experience a pregnancy” than those who view little of such material. One possible explanation is that TV creates the perception that sexual behavior is relatively risk-free, in that unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases are not portrayed realistically enough. Of course, TV is just one medium that shapes adolescents’ sexual behavior. Researchers also suggest that critical attention should be given to magazines, the Internet, and music.

New Cases of Leprosy

Three thousand people in the United States are receiving treatment for leprosy, also called Hansen’s disease. Approximately 150 new cases are diagnosed annually. Many sufferers are from other countries. However, the National Hansen’s Disease Program, based in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, “sees approximately 30 cases each year among residents in southern Louisiana and the Gulf Coast of Texas who were born in the U.S. and who have never visited an endemic country,” says the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Researchers still do not fully understand how the disease spreads. If diagnosed early, leprosy is fully treatable. However, once the disease has taken hold, nerve damage cannot be reversed.

Thefts of Radioactive Material

“The possibility of terrorists obtaining nuclear or other radioactive material remains a grave threat,” says Mohamed ElBaradei, director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency. “The number of incidents reported to the Agency involving the theft or loss of nuclear or radioactive material is disturbingly high​—nearly 250 in the first half of 2008 alone. Equally troubling is the fact that much of this material is not subsequently recovered.” It is not clear whether this phenomenon is a result of an increasing demand for radioactive materials or of member states’ more accurate reporting of losses.

Ancient Writing Found in Israel

Israeli archaeologists have found an ancient text that appears to predate the Dead Sea Scrolls by 1,000 years. The document, five lines of text written in ink on a pottery fragment, was uncovered in excavations of a 10th-century-B.C.E. Judean fortress at Khirbet Qeiyafa, Israel. The document has not yet been fully deciphered, but it seems to be a legal text that was written by a trained scribe and contains “roots of the words ‘judge,’ ‘slave’ and ‘king,’” says a press release from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

[Picture Credit Line on page 30]

Gabi Laron/​Institute of Archaeology/​Hebrew University © Yosef Garfinkel

How Would You Answer?

Where Did It Happen?

1. In which city did this event take place?

CLUE: Read Acts 2:1-13.

Circle your answer on the map.

Athens

Jerusalem

Babylon

◼ Where did most of the disciples come from?

․․․․․

◼ Why did some people mock the disciples?

․․․․․

FOR DISCUSSION:

What are the similarities and the differences between this incident and the one recorded at Genesis 11:1-9?

From This Issue

Answer these questions, and provide the missing Bible verse(s).

PAGE 4 What can swallow up a person? 2 Corinthians 2:․․․

PAGE 6 What will the peace of God do? Philippians 4:․․․

PAGE 28 Some have a zeal for God but lack what? Romans 10:․․․

PAGE 29 Whom should we obey? Acts 5:․․․

Children’s Picture Search

Can you find these pictures in this issue? In your own words, describe what is happening in each picture.

What Do You Know About Judge Othniel?

Read Judges 3:7-11. Now answer the following questions.

2. ․․․․․

He was from which tribe?

CLUE: Read Joshua 15:17, 20.

3. ․․․․․

He delivered Israel from which ruler?

4. ․․․․․

True or false? He lived before Moses.

FOR DISCUSSION:

What good example did Othniel’s uncle Caleb set?

CLUE: Read Numbers 14:6-9. Name a relative of yours that you admire, and explain why you are impressed by that person.

◼ Answers on page 11

ANSWERS TO PAGE 31

1. Jerusalem.​—Acts 2:5.

◼ Galilee.​—Acts 2:7.

◼ They thought they were drunk.​—Acts 2:13.

2. Judah.​—Joshua 15:17, 20.

3. Cushan–rishathaim.​—Judges 3:8.

4. False.

‘It Answers Our Questions’

◼ ‘It answers our questions.’ That is what young people are saying about the new book Questions Young People Ask​—Answers That Work, Volume 2. “I was feeling confused and unsure of myself,” wrote Jessicah, in Texas, U.S.A. “This book really encouraged me. It was beneficial for me to know that there are many teens like me who encounter obstacles along their journey of trying to serve God. The book answered just about every question that I had about being a youth.”

Breann, in Colorado, said: “Your book is having its intended effect of encouraging dialogue between parents and children. When I want to talk to my mom, I bring out the book and read right from it. A friend of mine is also preparing to talk with her parents simply because of reading this book.”

The first chapters of the book address questions about an issue particularly on young people’s minds​—relationships with the opposite sex. Katrina, in New Jersey, wrote: “The book made my convictions so strong that no matter what anyone else says, I’m not ready to date. Besides, being single gives one the opportunity to do so many great things! I don’t want to give them up right now. And when I’m ready to date, I will have a better idea of what to look for in a mate and how to proceed.”

You may request a copy of this book by filling in the accompanying coupon and mailing it to the address shown on the coupon or to an appropriate address listed on page 5 of this magazine.

□ Without obligation, I request a copy of the book shown here.

□ Please contact me concerning a free home Bible study.

[Picture on page 32]

Jessicah

[Picture on page 32]

Breann

[Picture on page 32]

Katrina